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CHAINSAW_2_SANDBOX_MERGE :: src / java / org / apache / log4j /

PatternLayout.java

/*
 * ============================================================================
 *                   The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
 * ============================================================================
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica-
 * tion, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of  source code must  retain the above copyright  notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must
 *    include  the following  acknowledgment:  "This product includes  software
 *    developed  by the  Apache Software Foundation  (http://www.apache.org/)."
 *    Alternately, this  acknowledgment may  appear in the software itself,  if
 *    and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
 *
 * 4. The names "log4j" and  "Apache Software Foundation"  must not be used to
 *    endorse  or promote  products derived  from this  software without  prior
 *    written permission. For written permission, please contact
 *    apache@apache.org.
 *
 * 5. Products  derived from this software may not  be called "Apache", nor may
 *    "Apache" appear  in their name,  without prior written permission  of the
 *    Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
 * FITNESS  FOR A PARTICULAR  PURPOSE ARE  DISCLAIMED.  IN NO  EVENT SHALL  THE
 * APACHE SOFTWARE  FOUNDATION  OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS  BE LIABLE FOR  ANY DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES (INCLU-
 * DING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT  OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS  INTERRUPTION)  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
 * ANY  THEORY OF LIABILITY,  WHETHER  IN CONTRACT,  STRICT LIABILITY,  OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING  NEGLIGENCE OR  OTHERWISE) ARISING IN  ANY WAY OUT OF THE  USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * This software  consists of voluntary contributions made  by many individuals
 * on  behalf of the Apache Software  Foundation.  For more  information on the
 * Apache Software Foundation, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.
 *
 */

package org.apache.log4j;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;

import org.apache.log4j.pattern.PatternConverter;
import org.apache.log4j.pattern.PatternParser;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;


// Contributors:   Nelson Minar <nelson@monkey.org>
//                 Anders Kristensen <akristensen@dynamicsoft.com>

/**

   A flexible layout configurable with pattern string.

   <p>The goal of this class is to {@link #format format} a {@link
   LoggingEvent} and return the results as a String. The results
   depend on the <em>conversion pattern</em>.

   <p>The conversion pattern is closely related to the conversion
   pattern of the printf function in C. A conversion pattern is
   composed of literal text and format control expressions called
   <em>conversion specifiers</em>.

   <p><i>You are free to insert any literal text within the conversion
   pattern.</i>

   <p>Each conversion specifier starts with a percent sign (%) and is
   followed by optional <em>format modifiers</em> and a <em>conversion
   character</em>. The conversion character specifies the type of
   data, e.g. category, priority, date, thread name. The format
   modifiers control such things as field width, padding, left and
   right justification. The following is a simple example.

   <p>Let the conversion pattern be <b>"%-5p [%t]: %m%n"</b> and assume
   that the log4j environment was set to use a PatternLayout. Then the
   statements
   <pre>
   Category root = Category.getRoot();
   root.debug("Message 1");
   root.warn("Message 2");
   </pre>
   would yield the output
   <pre>
   DEBUG [main]: Message 1
   WARN  [main]: Message 2
   </pre>

   <p>Note that there is no explicit separator between text and
   conversion specifiers. The pattern parser knows when it has reached
   the end of a conversion specifier when it reads a conversion
   character. In the example above the conversion specifier
   <b>%-5p</b> means the priority of the logging event should be left
   justified to a width of five characters.

   The recognized conversion characters are

   <p>
   <table border="1" CELLPADDING="8">
   <th>Conversion Character</th>
   <th>Effect</th>

   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>c</b></td>

     <td>Used to output the category of the logging event. The
     category conversion specifier can be optionally followed by
     <em>precision specifier</em>, that is a decimal constant in
     brackets.

     <p>If a precision specifier is given, then only the corresponding
     number of right most components of the category name will be
     printed. By default the category name is printed in full.

     <p>For example, for the category name "a.b.c" the pattern
     <b>%c{2}</b> will output "b.c".

     </td>
   </tr>

   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>C</b></td>

     <td>Used to output the fully qualified class name of the caller
     issuing the logging request. This conversion specifier
     can be optionally followed by <em>precision specifier</em>, that
     is a decimal constant in brackets.

     <p>If a precision specifier is given, then only the corresponding
     number of right most components of the class name will be
     printed. By default the class name is output in fully qualified form.

     <p>For example, for the class name "org.apache.xyz.SomeClass", the
     pattern <b>%C{1}</b> will output "SomeClass".

     <p><b>WARNING</b> Generating the caller class information is
     slow. Thus, it's use should be avoided unless execution speed is
     not an issue.

     </td>
     </tr>

   <tr> <td align=center><b>d</b></td> <td>Used to output the date of
         the logging event. The date conversion specifier may be
         followed by a <em>date format specifier</em> enclosed between
         braces. For example, <b>%d{HH:mm:ss,SSS}</b> or
         <b>%d{dd&nbsp;MMM&nbsp;yyyy&nbsp;HH:mm:ss,SSS}</b>.  If no
         date format specifier is given then ISO8601 format is
         assumed.

         <p>The date format specifier admits the same syntax as the
         time pattern string of the {@link
         java.text.SimpleDateFormat}. Although part of the standard
         JDK, the performance of <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> is
         quite poor.

         <p>For better results it is recommended to use the log4j date
         formatters. These can be specified using one of the strings
         "ABSOLUTE", "DATE" and "ISO8601" for specifying {@link
         org.apache.log4j.helpers.AbsoluteTimeDateFormat
         AbsoluteTimeDateFormat}, {@link
         org.apache.log4j.helpers.DateTimeDateFormat DateTimeDateFormat}
         and respectively {@link
         org.apache.log4j.helpers.ISO8601DateFormat
         ISO8601DateFormat}. For example, <b>%d{ISO8601}</b> or
         <b>%d{ABSOLUTE}</b>.

         <p>These dedicated date formatters perform significantly
         better than {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat}.
     </td>
   </tr>

   <tr>
   <td align=center><b>F</b></td>

   <td>Used to output the file name where the logging request was
   issued.

   <p><b>WARNING</b> Generating caller location information is
   extremely slow. It's use should be avoided unless execution speed
   is not an issue.

   </tr>

   <tr>
   <td align=center><b>l</b></td>

     <td>Used to output location information of the caller which generated
     the logging event.

     <p>The location information depends on the JVM implementation but
     usually consists of the fully qualified name of the calling
     method followed by the callers source the file name and line
     number between parentheses.

     <p>The location information can be very useful. However, it's
     generation is <em>extremely</em> slow. It's use should be avoided
     unless execution speed is not an issue.

     </td>
   </tr>

   <tr>
   <td align=center><b>L</b></td>

   <td>Used to output the line number from where the logging request
   was issued.

   <p><b>WARNING</b> Generating caller location information is
   extremely slow. It's use should be avoided unless execution speed
   is not an issue.

   </tr>


   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>m</b></td>
     <td>Used to output the application supplied message associated with
     the logging event.</td>
   </tr>

   <tr>
   <td align=center><b>M</b></td>

   <td>Used to output the method name where the logging request was
   issued.

   <p><b>WARNING</b> Generating caller location information is
   extremely slow. It's use should be avoided unless execution speed
   is not an issue.

   </tr>

   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>n</b></td>

     <td>Outputs the platform dependent line separator character or
     characters.

     <p>This conversion character offers practically the same
     performance as using non-portable line separator strings such as
     "\n", or "\r\n". Thus, it is the preferred way of specifying a
     line separator.


   </tr>

   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>p</b></td>
     <td>Used to output the priority of the logging event.</td>
   </tr>

   <tr>

     <td align=center><b>r</b></td>

     <td>Used to output the number of milliseconds elapsed since the start
     of the application until the creation of the logging event.</td>
   </tr>


   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>t</b></td>

     <td>Used to output the name of the thread that generated the
     logging event.</td>

   </tr>

   <tr>

     <td align=center><b>x</b></td>

     <td>Used to output the NDC (nested diagnostic context) associated
     with the thread that generated the logging event.
     </td>
   </tr>


   <tr>
     <td align=center><b>X</b></td>

     <td>

     <p>Used to output the MDC (mapped diagnostic context) associated
     with the thread that generated the logging event. The <b>X</b>
     conversion character can be followed by the key for the
     map placed between braces, as in <b>%X{clientNumber}</b> where
     <code>clientNumber</code> is the key. The value in the MDC
     corresponding to the key will be output. If no additional sub-option
     is specified, then the entire contents of the MDC key value pair set
     is output using a format {{key1,val1},{key2,val2}}</p>

     <p>See {@link MDC} class for more details.
     </p>

     </td>
   </tr>

   <tr>

     <td align=center><b>%</b></td>

     <td>The sequence %% outputs a single percent sign.
     </td>
   </tr>

   </table>

   <p>By default the relevant information is output as is. However,
   with the aid of format modifiers it is possible to change the
   minimum field width, the maximum field width and justification.

   <p>The optional format modifier is placed between the percent sign
   and the conversion character.

   <p>The first optional format modifier is the <em>left justification
   flag</em> which is just the minus (-) character. Then comes the
   optional <em>minimum field width</em> modifier. This is a decimal
   constant that represents the minimum number of characters to
   output. If the data item requires fewer characters, it is padded on
   either the left or the right until the minimum width is
   reached. The default is to pad on the left (right justify) but you
   can specify right padding with the left justification flag. The
   padding character is space. If the data item is larger than the
   minimum field width, the field is expanded to accommodate the
   data. The value is never truncated.

   <p>This behavior can be changed using the <em>maximum field
   width</em> modifier which is designated by a period followed by a
   decimal constant. If the data item is longer than the maximum
   field, then the extra characters are removed from the
   <em>beginning</em> of the data item and not from the end. For
   example, it the maximum field width is eight and the data item is
   ten characters long, then the first two characters of the data item
   are dropped. This behavior deviates from the printf function in C
   where truncation is done from the end.

   <p>Below are various format modifier examples for the category
   conversion specifier.

   <p>
   <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=8>
   <th>Format modifier
   <th>left justify
   <th>minimum width
   <th>maximum width
   <th>comment

   <tr>
   <td align=center>%20c</td>
   <td align=center>false</td>
   <td align=center>20</td>
   <td align=center>none</td>

   <td>Left pad with spaces if the category name is less than 20
   characters long.

   <tr> <td align=center>%-20c</td> <td align=center>true</td> <td
   align=center>20</td> <td align=center>none</td> <td>Right pad with
   spaces if the category name is less than 20 characters long.

   <tr>
   <td align=center>%.30c</td>
   <td align=center>NA</td>
   <td align=center>none</td>
   <td align=center>30</td>

   <td>Truncate from the beginning if the category name is longer than 30
   characters.

   <tr>
   <td align=center>%20.30c</td>
   <td align=center>false</td>
   <td align=center>20</td>
   <td align=center>30</td>

   <td>Left pad with spaces if the category name is shorter than 20
   characters. However, if category name is longer than 30 characters,
   then truncate from the beginning.

   <tr>
   <td align=center>%-20.30c</td>
   <td align=center>true</td>
   <td align=center>20</td>
   <td align=center>30</td>

   <td>Right pad with spaces if the category name is shorter than 20
   characters. However, if category name is longer than 30 characters,
   then truncate from the beginning.

   </table>

   <p>Below are some examples of conversion patterns.

   <dl>

   <p><dt><b>%r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m\n</b>
   <p><dd>This is essentially the TTCC layout.

   <p><dt><b>%-6r [%15.15t] %-5p %30.30c %x - %m\n</b>

   <p><dd>Similar to the TTCC layout except that the relative time is
   right padded if less than 6 digits, thread name is right padded if
   less than 15 characters and truncated if longer and the category
   name is left padded if shorter than 30 characters and truncated if
   longer.

  </dl>

   <p>The above text is largely inspired from Peter A. Darnell and
   Philip E. Margolis' highly recommended book "C -- a Software
   Engineering Approach", ISBN 0-387-97389-3.

   @author <a href="mailto:cakalijp@Maritz.com">James P. Cakalic</a>
   @author Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml;


   @since 0.8.2 */
public class PatternLayout extends Layout {
  /** Default pattern string for log output. Currently set to the
      string <b>"%m%n"</b> which just prints the application supplied
      message. */
  public static final String DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN = "%m%n";

  /** A conversion pattern equivalent to the TTCCCLayout.
      Current value is <b>%r [%t] %p %c %x - %m%n</b>. */
  public static final String TTCC_CONVERSION_PATTERN =
    "%r [%t] %p %c %x - %m%n";

  private String pattern;
  private PatternConverter head;

  /**
     Constructs a PatternLayout using the DEFAULT_LAYOUT_PATTERN.

     The default pattern just produces the application supplied message.
  */
  public PatternLayout() {
    this(DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN);   
  }

  /**
     Constructs a PatternLayout using the supplied conversion pattern.
  */
  public PatternLayout(String pattern) {
    //System.out.println("...PatternLayout ["+pattern+"], "+this);
    this.pattern = pattern;
    head =
      createPatternParser(
        (pattern == null) ? DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN : pattern).parse();
  }

  /**
    Set the <b>ConversionPattern</b> option. This is the string which
    controls formatting and consists of a mix of literal content and
    conversion specifiers.
  */
  public void setConversionPattern(String conversionPattern) {
    pattern = conversionPattern;
    head = createPatternParser(conversionPattern).parse();
  }

  /**
     Returns the value of the <b>ConversionPattern</b> option.
   */
  public String getConversionPattern() {
    return pattern;
  }

  /**
     Does not do anything as options become effective
  */
  public void activateOptions() {
    // nothing to do.
  }

  /**
      The PatternLayout does not handle the throwable contained within
      {@link LoggingEvent LoggingEvents}. Thus, it returns
      <code>true</code>.

      @since 0.8.4 */
  public boolean ignoresThrowable() {
    return true;
  }

  /**
    Returns PatternParser used to parse the conversion string. Subclasses
    may override this to return a subclass of PatternParser which recognize
    custom conversion characters.

    @since 0.9.0
  */
  protected PatternParser createPatternParser(String pattern) {
    return new PatternParser(pattern);
  }

  /**
     Produces a formatted string as specified by the conversion pattern.
  */
  public  void format(Writer output, LoggingEvent event) throws IOException { 
    PatternConverter c = head;
    while (c != null) {
      c.format(output, event);
      c = c.next;
    }
  }
}
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