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sparql-examples.mdwn

2.1

[[!format n3 """ SELECT ?title WHERE { http://example.org/book/book1 http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title ?title . } """]]

2.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name ?mbox WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox } """]]

2.3.1

[[!format n3 """ SELECT ?v WHERE { ?v ?p "cat"@en } """]]

2.3.2

[[!format n3 """ SELECT ?v WHERE { ?v ?p 42 } """]]

2.3.3

[[!format n3 """ SELECT ?v WHERE { ?v ?p “abc”^^http://example.org/datatype#specialDatatype } """]]

2.4

2.5

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ( CONCAT(?G, " ", ?S) AS ?name ) WHERE { ?P foaf:givenName ?G ; foaf:surname ?S }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name WHERE { ?P foaf:givenName ?G ; foaf:surname ?S BIND(CONCAT(?G, " “, ?S) AS ?name) }”""]]

2.6

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX org: http://example.com/ns#

CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:name ?name } WHERE { ?x org:employeeName ?name } """]]

3.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?title WHERE { ?x dc:title ?title FILTER regex(?title, “^SPARQL”) }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?title WHERE { ?x dc:title ?title FILTER regex(?title, “web”, “i” ) } """]]

3.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns# SELECT ?title ?price WHERE { ?x ns:price ?price . FILTER (?price < 30.5) ?x dc:title ?title . } """]]

4.2.3

[[!format n3 """ (1 ?x 3 4) :p “w” .

(1 [:p :q] ( 2 ) ) . """]]

6.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name ?mbox WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox } } """]]

6.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns# SELECT ?title ?price WHERE { ?x dc:title ?title . OPTIONAL { ?x ns:price ?price . FILTER (?price < 30) } } """]]

6.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name ?mbox ?hpage WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox } . OPTIONAL { ?x foaf:homepage ?hpage } } """]]

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc10: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.0/ PREFIX dc11: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?title WHERE { { ?book dc10:title ?title } UNION { ?book dc11:title ?title } }

PREFIX dc10: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.0/ PREFIX dc11: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?x ?y WHERE { { ?book dc10:title ?x } UNION { ?book dc11:title ?y } }

PREFIX dc10: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.0/ PREFIX dc11: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?title ?author WHERE { { ?book dc10:title ?title . ?book dc10:creator ?author } UNION { ?book dc11:title ?title . ?book dc11:creator ?author } } """]]

8.1.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?person WHERE { ?person rdf:type foaf:Person . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?person foaf:name ?name } } """]]

8.1.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?person WHERE { ?person rdf:type foaf:Person . FILTER EXISTS { ?person foaf:name ?name } } """]]

8.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example/ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT DISTINCT ?s WHERE { ?s ?p ?o . MINUS { ?s foaf:givenName “Bob” . } } """]]

8.3.1

[[!format n3 """ SELECT * { ?s ?p ?o FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?x ?y ?z } }

SELECT * { ?s ?p ?o MINUS { ?x ?y ?z } } """]]

8.3.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT * { ?s ?p ?o FILTER NOT EXISTS { :a :b :c } }

PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT * { ?s ?p ?o MINUS { :a :b :c } } """]]

8.3.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example.com/ SELECT * WHERE { ?x :p ?n FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?x :q ?m . FILTER(?n = ?m) } }

PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT * WHERE { ?x :p ?n MINUS { ?x :q ?m . FILTER(?n = ?m) } } """]]

9.2

[[!format n3 """ { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows/foaf:name ?name . }

{ ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows/foaf:knows/foaf:name ?name . }

SELECT ?x ?name { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows [ foaf:knows [ foaf:name ?name ]]. }

SELECT ?x ?name { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows ?a1 . ?a1 foaf:knows ?a2 . ?a2 foaf:name ?name . }

{ ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows/foaf:knows ?y . FILTER ( ?x != ?y ) ?y foaf:name ?name }

{ ?x foaf:knows/^foaf:knows ?y .
FILTER(?x != ?y) }

{ ?x foaf:knows ?gen1 . ?y foaf:knows ?gen1 .
FILTER(?x != ?y) }

{ ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@example . ?x foaf:knows+/foaf:name ?name . }

{ ?ancestor (ex:motherOf|ex:fatherOf)+ <#me> }

{ http://example/thing rdf:type/rdfs:subClassOf* ?type }

{ ?x rdf:type/rdfs:subClassOf* ?type }

{ ?x ?p ?v . ?p rdfs:subPropertyOf* :property }

{ ?x !(rdf:type|^rdf:type) ?y }

{ :list rdf:rest*/rdf:first ?element } """]]

9.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT * { ?s :item/:price ?x . }

PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT * { ?s :item ?_a . ?_a :price ?x . }

PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT (sum(?x) AS ?total) { :order :item/:price ?x } """]]

9.4

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# . PREFIX rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# SELECT ?x ?type { ?x rdf:type/rdfs:subClassOf* ?type }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX : http://example/ SELECT ?person { :x foaf:knows+ ?person } """]]

10.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns#

SELECT ?title ?price { ?x ns:price ?p . ?x ns:discount ?discount BIND (?p*(1-?discount) AS ?price) FILTER(?price < 20) ?x dc:title ?title . }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns#

SELECT ?title ?price { { ?x ns:price ?p . ?x ns:discount ?discount BIND (?p*(1-?discount) AS ?price) } {?x dc:title ?title . } FILTER(?price < 20) } """]]

10.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX : http://example.org/book/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns#

SELECT ?book ?title ?price { VALUES ?book { :book1 :book3 } ?book dc:title ?title ; ns:price ?price . }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX : http://example.org/book/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns#

SELECT ?book ?title ?price { ?book dc:title ?title ; ns:price ?price . VALUES (?book ?title) { (UNDEF “SPARQL Tutorial”) (:book2 UNDEF) } }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX : http://example.org/book/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns#

SELECT ?book ?title ?price { ?book dc:title ?title ; ns:price ?price . } VALUES (?book ?title) { (UNDEF “SPARQL Tutorial”) (:book2 UNDEF) } """]]

11.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://books.example/ SELECT (SUM(?lprice) AS ?totalPrice) WHERE { ?org :affiliates ?auth . ?auth :writesBook ?book . ?book :price ?lprice . } GROUP BY ?org HAVING (SUM(?lprice) > 10) """]]

11.2

[[!format n3 """ SELECT (AVG(?y) AS ?avg) WHERE { ?a :x ?x ; :y ?y . } GROUP BY ?x """]]

11.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://data.example/ SELECT (AVG(?size) AS ?asize) WHERE { ?x :size ?size } GROUP BY ?x HAVING(AVG(?size) > 10) """]]

11.4

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example.com/data/# SELECT ?x (MIN(?y) * 2 AS ?min) WHERE { ?x :p ?y . ?x :q ?z . } GROUP BY ?x (STR(?z)) """]]

11.5

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://example.com/data/# SELECT ?g (AVG(?p) AS ?avg) ((MIN(?p) + MAX(?p)) / 2 AS ?c) WHERE { ?g :p ?p . } GROUP BY ?g """]]

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX : http://people.example/ PREFIX : http://people.example/ SELECT ?y ?minName WHERE { :alice :knows ?y . { SELECT ?y (MIN(?name) AS ?minName) WHERE { ?y :name ?name . } GROUP BY ?y } } """]]

13.2.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name FROM http://example.org/foaf/aliceFoaf WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

13.2.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

SELECT ?who ?g ?mbox FROM http://example.org/dft.ttl FROM NAMED http://example.org/alice FROM NAMED http://example.org/bob WHERE { ?g dc:publisher ?who . GRAPH ?g { ?x foaf:mbox ?mbox } } """]]

13.3.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?src ?bobNick FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/aliceFoaf FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/bobFoaf WHERE { GRAPH ?src { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:bob@work.example . ?x foaf:nick ?bobNick } } """]]

13.3.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX data: http://example.org/foaf/

SELECT ?nick FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/aliceFoaf FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/bobFoaf WHERE { GRAPH data:bobFoaf { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:bob@work.example . ?x foaf:nick ?nick } } """]]

13.3.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX data: http://example.org/foaf/ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#

SELECT ?mbox ?nick ?ppd FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/aliceFoaf FROM NAMED http://example.org/foaf/bobFoaf WHERE { GRAPH data:aliceFoaf { ?alice foaf:mbox mailto:alice@work.example ; foaf:knows ?whom . ?whom foaf:mbox ?mbox ; rdfs:seeAlso ?ppd . ?ppd a foaf:PersonalProfileDocument . } . GRAPH ?ppd { ?w foaf:mbox ?mbox ; foaf:nick ?nick } } """]]

13.3.4

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

SELECT ?name ?mbox ?date WHERE { ?g dc:publisher ?name ; dc:date ?date . GRAPH ?g { ?person foaf:name ?name ; foaf:mbox ?mbox } } """]]

15.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } ORDER BY ?name

PREFIX : http://example.org/ns# PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name ; :empId ?emp } ORDER BY DESC(?emp)

PREFIX : http://example.org/ns# PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name ; :empId ?emp } ORDER BY ?name DESC(?emp) """]]

15.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

15.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

15.3.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT DISTINCT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

15.3.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT REDUCED ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

15.4

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } ORDER BY ?name LIMIT 5 OFFSET 10 """]]

15.5

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } LIMIT 20 """]]

16.1.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?nameX ?nameY ?nickY WHERE { ?x foaf:knows ?y ; foaf:name ?nameX . ?y foaf:name ?nameY . OPTIONAL { ?y foaf:nick ?nickY } } """]]

16.1.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns# SELECT ?title (?p*(1-?discount) AS ?price) { ?x ns:price ?p . ?x dc:title ?title . ?x ns:discount ?discount }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX ns: http://example.org/ns# SELECT ?title (?p AS ?fullPrice) (?fullPrice*(1-?discount) AS ?customerPrice) { ?x ns:price ?p . ?x dc:title ?title . ?x ns:discount ?discount } """]]

16.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX vcard: http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0# CONSTRUCT { http://example.org/person#Alice vcard:FN ?name } WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

16.2.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX vcard: http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#

CONSTRUCT { ?x vcard:N :v . :v vcard:givenName ?gname . _:v vcard:familyName ?fname } WHERE { { ?x foaf:firstname ?gname } UNION { ?x foaf:givenname ?gname } . { ?x foaf:surname ?fname } UNION { ?x foaf:family_name ?fname } . } """]]

16.2.2

[[!format n3 """ CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o } WHERE { GRAPH http://example.org/aGraph { ?s ?p ?o } . }

PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX app: http://example.org/ns# PREFIX xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

CONSTRUCT { ?s ?p ?o } WHERE { GRAPH ?g { ?s ?p ?o } . ?g dc:publisher http://www.w3.org/ . ?g dc:date ?date . FILTER ( app:customDate(?date) > “2005-02-28T00:00:00Z”^^xsd:dateTime ) . } """]]

16.2.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX site: http://example.org/stats#

CONSTRUCT { [] foaf:name ?name } WHERE { [] foaf:name ?name ; site:hits ?hits . } ORDER BY desc(?hits) LIMIT 2 """]]

16.2.4

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ CONSTRUCT WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:name ?name } WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name } """]]

16.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ ASK { ?x foaf:name “Alice” }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ ASK { ?x foaf:name “Alice” ; foaf:mbox mailto:alice@work.example } """]]

16.4.1

[[!format n3 """ DESCRIBE http://example.org/ """]]

16.4.2

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ DESCRIBE ?x WHERE { ?x foaf:mbox mailto:alice@org }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ DESCRIBE ?x WHERE { ?x foaf:name “Alice” }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ DESCRIBE ?x ?y http://example.org/ WHERE {?x foaf:knows ?y} """]]

16.4.3

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX ent: http://org.example.com/employees# DESCRIBE ?x WHERE { ?x ent:employeeId “1234” } """]]

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX a: http://www.w3.org/2000/10/annotation-ns# PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

SELECT ?annot WHERE { ?annot a:annotates http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ . ?annot dc:date ?date . FILTER ( ?date > “2005-01-01T00:00:00Z”^^xsd:dateTime ) } """]]

17.4.1

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ PREFIX xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# SELECT ?givenName WHERE { ?x foaf:givenName ?givenName . OPTIONAL { ?x dc:date ?date } . FILTER ( bound(?date) ) }

PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ SELECT ?name WHERE { ?x foaf:givenName ?name . OPTIONAL { ?x dc:date ?date } . FILTER (!bound(?date)) } """]]

17.4.1.2

[[!format n3 """ rdfTerm IF (expression1, expression2, expression3) """]]

17.4.1.3

[[!format n3 """ rdfTerm COALESCE(expression, ….) """]]

17.4.1.4

[[!format n3 """ xsd:boolean NOT EXISTS { pattern } xsd:boolean EXISTS { pattern } """]]

bla bla bla… more functions…

[[!format n3 """ PREFIX aGeo: http://example.org/geo#

SELECT ?neighbor WHERE { ?a aGeo:placeName “Grenoble” . ?a aGeo:locationX ?axLoc . ?a aGeo:locationY ?ayLoc .

    ?b aGeo:placeName ?neighbor .
    ?b aGeo:locationX ?bxLoc .
    ?b aGeo:locationY ?byLoc .

    FILTER ( aGeo:distance(?axLoc, ?ayLoc, ?bxLoc, ?byLoc) < 10 ) .
  }

"""]]

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